Print Temp (°C)Approx. Shore HardnessResulting PropertiesStarting Flow Rate (%)
230°C - 240°C~85ADenser, Stiffer, Less Foaming, Less Texture~85% - 90%
250°C~75ABalanced Foaming, Noticeably Lighter/Softer~65% - 70%
260°C~70AOptimal Balance, Good Foaming & Softness~55% - 60%
270°C~65AMax Foaming, Lightest, Softest, Max Texture~50% - 55%
Nozzle Temperature230°C - 270°CSee the table below for how temperature affects hardness and density.

Optimal Performance: We’ve found 260°C It’s a great temperature to start your tuning. It offers a balance between lightweighting, softness, and print quality for many applications.
Nozzle Diameter0.4mm - 0.8mmStandard 0.4mm works great
Bed Temperature30°C - 45°CA little heat helps adhesion, but too much can make removal tricky.
Build SurfaceGlass, PEI, BuildTak®, Wham Bam PEX, or similarRecommendation: Start with PVP glue stick on glass or smooth steel for reliable adhesion and easier removal, especially as TPU can bond very strongly to surfaces like PEI.
Cooling Fan100%Helps set the foamed structure quickly as it prints
Print Speed30 - 60 mm/sSlower speeds often yield better results with flexible.

Capable machines might handle up to 150 mm/s, but tune carefully.
https://siraya.tech/pages/siraya-tech-tpu-air-user-manual